实验02NFS共享

 实验目标

   通过下面几个实验了解NFS共享的设置与排错。

 实验步骤

实验一:

将/root 共享给192.168.10.20,可写、同步,允许客户机以root权限访问

1. NFS服务端操作:

        [root@dhcpser ~]# vim /etc/exports                                                 

        /root   192.168.10.20(rw,sync,no_root_squash)                                  

        [root@dhcpser ~]# service portmap restart//启动nfs前置服务        

        [root@dhcpser ~]# service nfs restart//                                             

        [root@dhcpser ~]# chkconfig portmap on//设置开机启动       

        [root@dhcpser ~]# chkconfig nfs on                                                

2. NFS客户端操作:

        [root@localhost ~]# service portmap restart                                    

        [root@localhost ~]# showmount -e 192.168.10.253                        

        Export list for 192.168.10.253:                                                             

        /root    192.168.10.20                                                                           

        [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/root/                                        

        [root@localhost ~]# mount 192.168.10.253:/root/ /data/root/       

        [root@localhost ~]# df -hT | grep nfs                                               

                       nfs     19G  2.7G   16G  15% /data/root                                

        [root@localhost ~]# cd /data/root/                                                  

        [root@localhost root]# touch file1.txt                                               

        [root@localhost root]# ls -l file1.txt                                                   

        -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 06-12 17:18 file1.txt                                       

验证:

        [root@dhcpser ~]# ifconfig eth0                                                       

        eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:65:AF:49                  

        inet addr:192.168.10.253  Bcast:192.168.10.255  Mask:255.255.255.0

        inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe65:af49/64 Scope:Link                             

        UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1           

        RX packets:216 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0                      

        TX packets:329 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0                     

        collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000                                                               

        RX bytes:31242 (30.5 KiB)  TX bytes:47404 (46.2 KiB)                         

 

        [root@dhcpser ~]# route -n                                                                 

        Kernel IP routing table                                                                          

        Destination     Gateway       Genmask      Flags Metric  Ref  Use Iface

        192.168.10.0    0.0.0.0          255.255.255.0  U     0      0            0 eth0   

        169.254.0.0      0.0.0.0          255.255.0.0      U     0      0            0 eth0   

        0.0.0.0        192.168.10.254  0.0.0.0             UG    0      0           0 eth0   

 

        [root@dhcpser ~]# hostname                                                              

        Dhcpser.tarena.com                                                                              

 

实验二:

将/usr/src 共享给192.168.10.0/24网段,可写、异步

NFS服务端操作:

        [root@dhcpser ~]# cat /etc/exports                                                    

        /root   192.168.10.20(rw,sync,no_root_squash)                                    

        /usr/src        192.168.10.0/24(rw,async)                                                

        [root@dhcpser ~]# exportfs -rv  //这个也是重启服务            

        [root@dhcpser ~]# setfacl -m u:nfsnobody:rwx /usr/src/                  

        NFS客户端操作:                                                                                    

        [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data/src/                                                 

        [root@localhost ~]# showmount -e 192.168.10.253                           

        Export list for 192.168.10.253:                                                               

        /root    192.168.10.20                                                                             

        /usr/src 192.168.10.0/24                                                                        

        [root@localhost ~]# mount 192.168.10.253:/usr/src/ /data/src/        

        [root@localhost ~]# cd /data/src/                                                       

        [root@localhost src]# touch file1.txt                                                    

验证:

        [root@localhost src]# ls -l file1.txt                                                       

        -rw-r--r-- 1 nfsnobody nfsnobody 0 06-12 17:23 file1.txt                  

 

实验三:

在上一个实验基础上实现客户端上面所有用户身份都映射成nfsnobody

NFS服务端操作:

        [root@dhcpser ~]# chmod o+w /usr/src/                                            

NFS客户端操作:

        [root@localhost ~]# useradd tom                                                        

        [root@localhost ~]# su - tom                                                                

        [tom@localhost ~]$ cd /data/src/                                                         

        [tom@localhost src]$ touch tom1.txt                                                    

        [tom@localhost src]$ ls -l tom1.txt                                                        

        -rw-rw-r-- 1 tom tom 0 06-12 17:29 tom1.txt                                        

再来修改NFS主配置文件

        [root@dhcpser ~]# cat /etc/exports                                                      

        /root   192.168.10.20(rw,sync,no_root_squash)                                      

        /usr/src        192.168.10.0/24(rw,async,all_squash)                                 

        [root@dhcpser ~]# exportfs -rv                                                             

验证:NFS客户端

        [tom@localhost src]$ touch tom2.txt                                                     

        [tom@localhost src]$ ls -l tom2.txt                                                         

        -rw-rw-r-- 1 nfsnobody nfsnobody 0 06-12 17:31 tom2.txt                  

 

实验四:

在客户端实现开机自动挂载NFS服务器共享的/root目录到本地/data/root

在客户端实现触发挂载NFS服务器共享的/usr/src目录到本地/data/src

        [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab                                                       

        192.168.10.253:/root   /data/root    nfs     defaults,_netdev       0 0      

        [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/auto.master                                           

        /mnt   /etc/auto.data                                                                              

        [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/auto.data                                               

        src     -fstype=nfs,rw  192.168.10.253:/usr/src                                        

        [root@localhost ~]# service autofs restart                                            

        [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig autofs on                                            

 问题和经验总结

共享文件的实际权限是共享权限和Linux文件权限取交集

 

故障现象: 自动挂载测试

解决办法: 只挂载设备或者只挂载目录,看看是否能挂上

故障现象: 客户端无法进入共享文件

解决办法: 可能是服务器的服务未重启

故障现象: 系统关机后服务不存在

解决办法: 需要设置开机重启服务